![]() NaOCl 5.25 % was used for irrigation and at the end of the biomechanical preparation of the root canal, it was accidentally and inadvertent extruded to the periapical area. After vital tests, pulpar necrosis was diagnosed and root canal treatment was performed. Ī 45-year-old female patient healthy at the time of anamnesis attends for consultation at the National School of Advanced Studies Endodontic Clinic, UNAM Leon, due to crown fracture of tooth 14. If the contact is through conduct, damage will appear in the periapical area and the consequence will be necrosis of adjacent bone and several shocking clinical features: taste of chlorine, severe pain, rapid development of oedema, haemorrhage, haematoma, necrosis, burning sensation, ulcers, paraesthesia, dehiscence, ocular disorders, contractile scars, trismus, secondary infection and abscesses. Poor isolation can allow the extrusion of NaClO to the mucosa and severe complications may occur. The results of a recent in vitro study shows that the most effective irrigation regimen is 5.25 % at 10 minutes. Hypochlorite has a low surface tension, it is a moisturizer and its lack of biocompatibility may cause severe traumatic injuries in living tissue due its tissue cytotoxic. NaOCl has been defined by the American Association of Endodontists as a clear, pale, yellowish-green and extremely alkaline liquid that has dissolvent action on necrotic tissue and organic residue, and acts as a potent antimicrobial agent. An additional factor is the movement of agitation generated by ultrasonic scale, and according to studies with electron microscopy when used in alternate way EDTA/NaOCl/EDTA, produced better cleaning and less smear layer. Irrigation by itself can expel remains of tissue, the smear layer or some foreign material from the tooth. Irrigation is an essential step during the process of cleaning, disinfection and lubrication of the root canal system and during the previous procedure to its three-dimensional obturation. It can be deduced from the literature that 2.6% & 5.25% sodium hypochlorite has the unique capacity to dissolve necrotic tissue and the organic components of the smear layer. NaOCl is best known for its strong antibacterial activity it kills bacteria very rapidly even at low concentrations. NaOCl is the most widely used irrigating solution and is used in concentrations varying from 0.5% to 5.25% it is a potent antimicrobial agent, and effectively dissolves pulpal remnants and organic components of dentine. ![]() Irrigants can prevent packing of the infected hard and soft tissue apically in the root canal and into the periapical area. It enhances bacterial elimination and facilitates removal of necrotic tissue and dentine chips from the root canal. ![]() The use of irrigating solutions is an important part of effective chemomechanical preparation.
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